pace Work 7-D 26/03

Pace Work 7-D 25/03

Тема: Друге Велике Пробудження. Економічний ріст Америки.

1. Reading

Pre-reading task

  Here you can see some new words:

­      -     The Second Great Awakening – a Protestant revival movement during the early 19th            century in the United States

-        Protestant – an adherent of Protestantism

-        a revival – the act or an instance of reviving or the state of being revived

-        a congregation – a group of persons gathered for worship, prayer, etc., esp in a church or chapel

-        a denomination – a group having a distinctive interpretation of a religious faith and usually its own organization

-        millennial – a period or cycle of one thousand years

-        skepticism – a doubting or questioning attitude or state of mind; dubiety

-        deism – belief in the existence of God based solely on natural reason, without reference to revelation

-        rationalism - reliance on reason rather than intuition to justify one's beliefs or actions

Reading

The Second Great Awakening in America

The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800, and after 1820 membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the late 1840s. It has been described as a reaction against skepticism, deism, and rationalism, although why those forces became pressing enough at the time to spark revivals is not fully understood.

It enrolled millions of new members in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations. Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age. The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the anticipated Second Coming of Jesus Christ.

People at the time talked about the Awakening; historians named the Second Great Awakening in the context of the First Great Awakening of the 1730s and '40s and of the Third Great Awakening of the late 1850s to early 1900s. These revivals were part of a much larger movements that were sweeping across Europe at the time, mainly throughout England, Scotland, and Germany. 

During the first half of the 1800's, the interests of the North and the South differed greatly. The North manufactured many of their own goods. The manufactured goods of the North were in great demand throughout the country. The South, however, was an agricultural area. An agricultural area is one in which crops or farm animals are raised.

The North had numbers of large, busy cities filled with manufacturing plants. The South, however, had few cities. Most of the people of the South had agricultural interests. Some Southerners owned small farms, while others had large plantations.

     The North and South differed most over the owning of slaves. Many people of the South owned slaves, and most people of the North did not. Certainly not every family in the South owned slaves. Less than ten out of every hundred men in the South were slaveholders. Five of every ten slaveholders owned less than five slaves. However, a few slaveowners had as many as 500 slaves. Although men who owned slaves were responsible to provide food, clothing, housing, and care for the slaves when they were sick, many men felt that owning slaves were wrong.

     Men of the North and South differed in their opinions about which new states should come into the United States of America. The North believed no new slave­holding states should be allowed to join the Union. The South believed new states should have the right to decide for themselves on the issue of slavery.

     The South prospered from slavery because the South's warm weather allowed for many months of outdoor work each year. Southerners depended upon agriculture to make a living, and slaves were good workers on the farms.

     In the North, slaves were not as valuable. It cost more in the North to feed and clothe a slave. Slaves did not do as well in manufacturing jobs as they did on farm jobs. Slavery died out in the North because slaves were not needed.

While – reading task

 Underline the main features of the Second Great Awakening in America

Post – reading task

2.Writing

 Complete the sentences.

1. The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant revival movement during ……….. in the United States.

2. The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of …………………. .

3. During the first half of the 1800’s ………………….. manufactured many of their own goods and ………………was an agricultural area.

4. The North had large ………………..; many people of the South owned …………….. .

5. Every man who owned slaves was ………………. to provide food, clothing, housing and care when the slaves were sick.

6. ……………. Believed no new slave-holding states should join the Union;  ……………….. believed new states should decide for themselves about slavery.

    

So, thank you for your hard work!