Тема: Прикметники в англійській мові. Значення, морфологічні ознаки
1. Presentation of new material
T.: In order to improve your grammar skills we are going to learn more about adjectives and do some tasks.
What is an adjective?
⦁ An adjective is a word that defines, qualifies or modifies the meaning of a noun, or more rarely of a pronoun. It expresses the qualities or attributes of the word it qualifies. There are two main categories of adjectives: a) determining adjectives, and b) descriptive adjectives .
⦁ Types of Adjective
1. Determining adjectives :
Also called limiting adjectives, these are words that are more often referred to as determiners, and are dealt with elsewhere. There is a limited number of these words. They are notably possessive adjectives (such as my, their), numerals and quantifiers (such as one, two, three, every, many), demonstrative adjectives (such as this or that), interrogative adjectives (such as which). To learn about the use of these determining adjectives, please consult the appropriate pages.
2. Descriptive adjectives
Descriptive adjectives (such as big, English, wonderful) describe the permanant or perceived qualities of a noun; their number is unlimited. New descriptive adjectives enter the language every day, often in the fertile world of slang.
⦁ There are two categories of descriptive adjectives;
2.1. qualificative or qualifying adjectives , such as big, nice, complicated which express the passing or perceived qualities of a noun, and
2.2. classifying adjectives (including absolute adjectives) such as married, second, hydraulic, unique, dead which express permanent qualities or absolutes.
Qualifiying adjectives are "gradable", i.e. it is possible to graduate their intensity, by the addition of an adverb of degree, such as very, quite, enough; most qualifying adjectives can also be put into comparative or superlative forms (big, bigger, biggest).
Classifying adjectives cannot be graded: a person is either married, or not, or dead, or not; he or she cannot be "very married", nor "more dead" than another person, at least not under normal usage of the words.
That being said, many adjectives can be used either as qualifying adjectives, or as classifying adjectives, depending on the context. Take the example of the adjective old.
Examples:
My car is very old (qualifying, with a noun)
He is intelligent (qualifying, with a pronoun) see Pronouns)
The old computer was much quieter than the new model (classifying)
In the first example above, old is a perceived quality, and therefore gradable, in the second old has an absolute value, with the meaning of former or previous.
⦁ Comparison of adjectives
Many qualifying adjectives can be used in a comparative or a superlative form. In most cases, the comparative form of an adjective is made with the word more, and the superlative form with the word most.
But with most common short monosyllabic adjectives, and some two-syllable adjectives, the comparative is made by adding the ending -er, and the superlative with the ending -est There are two common adjectives with irregular comparative and superlative forms: good, better, best, and bad, worse, worst.
Examples:
Careful, more careful, most careful
Difficult, more difficult, most difficult, Certain, more certain, most certain
Hard, harder, hardest, Black, blacker, blackest, Old, older, oldest,
Clever, cleverer, cleverest,
Large, larger, largest (just add -r and -st to adjectives ending in e)
Big, bigger, biggest , hot, hotter, hottest (final p t k b d g n & m are doubled unless proceeded by a long vowel, or diphthong, as in harder or quieter)
Pretty, prettier, prettiest , heavy, heavier, heaviest (adjectives ending in y have inflected forms in -ier and -iest)
Follow the links and do the tasks:
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_comparison.htm
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_comparison.htm
1. Presentation of new material
T.: In order to improve your grammar skills we are going to learn more about adjectives and do some tasks.
What is an adjective?
⦁ An adjective is a word that defines, qualifies or modifies the meaning of a noun, or more rarely of a pronoun. It expresses the qualities or attributes of the word it qualifies. There are two main categories of adjectives: a) determining adjectives, and b) descriptive adjectives .
⦁ Types of Adjective
1. Determining adjectives :
Also called limiting adjectives, these are words that are more often referred to as determiners, and are dealt with elsewhere. There is a limited number of these words. They are notably possessive adjectives (such as my, their), numerals and quantifiers (such as one, two, three, every, many), demonstrative adjectives (such as this or that), interrogative adjectives (such as which). To learn about the use of these determining adjectives, please consult the appropriate pages.
2. Descriptive adjectives
Descriptive adjectives (such as big, English, wonderful) describe the permanant or perceived qualities of a noun; their number is unlimited. New descriptive adjectives enter the language every day, often in the fertile world of slang.
⦁ There are two categories of descriptive adjectives;
2.1. qualificative or qualifying adjectives , such as big, nice, complicated which express the passing or perceived qualities of a noun, and
2.2. classifying adjectives (including absolute adjectives) such as married, second, hydraulic, unique, dead which express permanent qualities or absolutes.
Qualifiying adjectives are "gradable", i.e. it is possible to graduate their intensity, by the addition of an adverb of degree, such as very, quite, enough; most qualifying adjectives can also be put into comparative or superlative forms (big, bigger, biggest).
Classifying adjectives cannot be graded: a person is either married, or not, or dead, or not; he or she cannot be "very married", nor "more dead" than another person, at least not under normal usage of the words.
That being said, many adjectives can be used either as qualifying adjectives, or as classifying adjectives, depending on the context. Take the example of the adjective old.
Examples:
My car is very old (qualifying, with a noun)
He is intelligent (qualifying, with a pronoun) see Pronouns)
The old computer was much quieter than the new model (classifying)
In the first example above, old is a perceived quality, and therefore gradable, in the second old has an absolute value, with the meaning of former or previous.
⦁ Comparison of adjectives
Many qualifying adjectives can be used in a comparative or a superlative form. In most cases, the comparative form of an adjective is made with the word more, and the superlative form with the word most.
But with most common short monosyllabic adjectives, and some two-syllable adjectives, the comparative is made by adding the ending -er, and the superlative with the ending -est There are two common adjectives with irregular comparative and superlative forms: good, better, best, and bad, worse, worst.
Examples:
Careful, more careful, most careful
Difficult, more difficult, most difficult, Certain, more certain, most certain
Hard, harder, hardest, Black, blacker, blackest, Old, older, oldest,
Clever, cleverer, cleverest,
Large, larger, largest (just add -r and -st to adjectives ending in e)
Big, bigger, biggest , hot, hotter, hottest (final p t k b d g n & m are doubled unless proceeded by a long vowel, or diphthong, as in harder or quieter)
Pretty, prettier, prettiest , heavy, heavier, heaviest (adjectives ending in y have inflected forms in -ier and -iest)
Follow the links and do the tasks:
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_comparison.htm
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives_adverbs/adjective_comparison.htm
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