четвер, 7 травня 2020 р.

Pace Work 7-D 08/05

Тема: Наголос в англійській мові. Словесний наголос.

Presentation of new material
T.: An accent is a mark written or printed over a letter to show you how to pronounce it.
Word stress and syllables are important things to learn about English pronunciation and accent.
A syllable is a word, or part of a word, which contains a single vowel sound. It is a single unit of speech.
 Each word contains one syllable, or more.
1 Syllable
 Here are examples of words with a single syllable: pen, man, pig, cup, hat
 In English, a vowel sound can be made of more the one vowel letter.
 So the following words have a single syllable as well: feet, moon, cake, have, break, bought
 All of these words contain only one vowel sound, and therefore a single syllable.
2 Syllables
 A word can have more than one syllable. The following words are examples of words with two syllables. Here are examples of words with 2 syllables. The different syllables are shown on the right, and they are separated with a space.
garden:  gar  den
hotel:  ho  tel
consist:  con  sist
 3 Syllables
 Examples of words with three syllables:
September:  sep  tem  ber
department:  de  part  ment
telephone:  te  le  phone
4 Syllables
 Examples of words with four syllables:
kindergarten: kin  der  gar  ten
information: in  for  ma  tion
 That is not all, of course. There can be words with even more syllables.
Word Stress
 When a word has more than one syllable, not all syllables are pronounced with the same degree of force. The syllable which is pronounced with greater force is called the stressed syllable. You can also call it the accented syllable. "Accent" in this case means "emphasis".
     T.:  When speaking, it is important to put the stress on the correct syllable.  Otherwise, it would sound unnatural, and might even be difficult to understand! Here are some examples of the word stress of some common words:
water:  wa  ter
people:  peo  ple
television:  tel  e  vi  sion
     T.: Why is English word pronunciation important?
 Have you noticed that sometimes, even though you can speak English well, have a good vocabulary, and use grammar properly, something still does not sound natural? Or in other words, your foreign accent is just too obvious… This can also make understanding you more difficult for other people.
 This could be a common problem among English learners. Each comes from a different country, a different language, with its different pronunciation ways and accents.
     T.:  However, is it unchangeable? Do you have to keep your original accent when speaking English?  That depends on how hard-working you are in practicing the new sounds. But let's agree on one thing: with some decent practicing you can definitely improve your pronunciation and your accent!
What Makes an Accent?
 Accent seems so natural to us, that we sometimes forget what makes an accent.
 Basically, the way you pronounce each sound of the language affects your overall accent.
 For example, the sound of the letter R is pronounced differently by Spanish, German and English speakers. The same is true for many other sounds. And so you get your accent…
 The method to improve your English accent, or your English word pronunciation, is to practice the proper ways to pronounce the sounds of English. Each sound is produced in a certain way, and when you produce it right, it sounds natural.
1.Reading
     T.: You have got cards with a poem. Let’s read it. (card #1)
2. Writing
     T.: Let’s do some writing task to improve your knowledge (card #2).
Task: Put the word stress of some common words:
little:   lit / tle
petal:   pet / al
turtle:   tur / tle
ankle:   an / kle
riddle:   rid / dle
arrow:   ar / row
nickle:   nick / le
cotton:   cot / ton
student:   stu / dent
teacher:   teach / er
children:   chil / dren
pottery:   pot / ter / y
learning:   learn / ing
textbook:   text / book
watching:   watch / ing
screaming:   scream / ing
misbehaving:   mis / be / hav / ing

Card #1
Why English is so Hard
We’ll begin with a box, and the plural is boxes,
But the plural of ox becomes oxen, not oxes.
One fowl is a goose, but two are called geese,
Yet the plural of moose should never be meese.
You may find a lone mouse or a nest full of mice,
Yet the plural of house is houses, not hice.
If the plural of man is always called men,
Why shouldn’t the plural of pan be called pen?
If I speak of my foot and show you my feet,
And I give you a boot, would a pair be called beet?
If one is a tooth and a whole set are teeth,
Why shouldn’t the plural of booth be called beeth?
Then one may be that, and three would be those,
Yet hat in the plural would never be hose,
And the plural of cat is cats, not cose.
We speak of a brother and also of brethren,
But though we say mother, we never say methren.
Then the masculine pronouns are he, his and him,
But imagine the feminine: she, shis and shim!
Let’s face it – English is a crazy language.
There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger;
neither apple nor pine in pineapple.
English muffins weren’t invented in England.
We take English for granted, but if we explore its paradoxes, we find
that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square, and a guinea
pig is neither from Guinea nor is it a pig.
And why is it that writers write but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t
groce and hammers don’t ham?
Doesn’t it seem crazy that you can make amends but not one amend? If
you have a bunch of odds and ends and get rid of all but one of them, what do
you call it?
If teachers taught, why didn’t preachers praught?
If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat?
Sometimes I think all the folks who grew up speaking English should be
committed to an asylum for the verbally insane.
In what other language do people recite at a play and play at a recital?
We ship by truck but send cargo by ship.
We have noses that run and feet that smell.
We park in a driveway and drive in a parkway.
And how can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise
man and a wise guy are opposites?
You have to marvel at the unique lunacy of a language in which your
house can burn up as it burns down,
in which you fill in a form by filling it out,
and in which an alarm goes off by going on.
And, in closing, if Father is Pop, how come Mother’s not Mop?
That’s all for now.


Card #2
Task: Put the word stress of some common words:
Little, petal, turtle, ankle, riddle, arrow, nickel, cotton, student, teacher, children, pottery, learning, textbook, watching, screaming, misbehaving.

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