Тема: Синтаксична роль прислівників та прикметників в реченні.
1. Presentation of new material
T.: Now, let's learn some new concepts on the topic.
I'll give you the cards (card#1) . You have to read and study the rules.
The position of adverbs in sentences
- We can put adverbs in different positions in sentences. There are three main positions but also a lot of exceptions.
- In English we never put an adverb between the verb and the object.
We often play handball. - CORRECT WRONG: We play often handball.
The three main positions of adverbs in English sentences
1) Adverb at the beginning of a sentence
Unfortunately, we could not see Mount Snowdon.
2) Adverb in the middle of a sentence
The children often ride their bikes.
3) Adverb at the end of a sentence
Andy reads a comic every afternoon.
- More than one adverb at the end of a sentence
- If there are more adverbs at the end of a sentence, the word order is normally:
Manner - Place - Time
Peter sang the song happily in the bathroom yesterday evening.
Grammatical Functions of English Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
Adjective phrases including adjectives perform five main grammatical functions within sentences in the English language. The five functions of adjectives and adjective phrases are:
- Adjective phrase head
- Noun phrase modifier
- Subject complement
- Object complement
Appositive
Adjectives are traditionally defined as “words that describe nouns.” Adjective phrases are defined as phrases that consist of an adjective plus any modifiers or complements such as adverbs, prepositional phrases, verb phrases, and noun clauses.
Adjectives as Adjective Phrase Heads
The first grammatical function that adjectives perform is the adjective phrase head. An adjective phrase consists of an adjective plus any modifiers or complements. For example, the following italicized adjectives function as adjective phrase heads:
purple
extremely large
fond of ice cream
afraid to try new foods
hopeful that the rain would stop
Adjectives as Noun Phrase Modifiers
The second grammatical function that adjectives and adjective phrases perform is the noun phrase modifier. A noun phrase modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies or describes a noun including a pronoun or a noun phrase. For example, the following italicized adjectives and adjective phrases function as noun phrase modifiers:
My mother planted purple flowers in her garden.
The very tiny puppy barked at the cat.
The restaurant served plain, tasteless soup.
The committee picked somebody stupid for our new leader.
Barack Obama was the president elect.
Adjectives as Subject Complements
The third grammatical function that adjectives and adjective phrases perform is the subject complement. A subject complement is a word, phrase, or clause that follows a copular, or linking, verb and describes the subject of a clause. The term predicate adjective is also used for adjective phrases that function as subject complements. For example, the following italicized adjectives and adjective phrases function as subject complements:
Under the bed is filthy.
The cake tastes sickenly sweet.
My cat is black and brown.
Your perfume smells especially musky but very nice.
I am fond of English grammar.
Adjectives as Object Complements
The fourth grammatical function that adjectives and adjective phrases perform is the object complement. An object complement is a word, phrase, or clause that directly follows and modifies the direct object. For example, the following italicized adjectives and adjective phrases function as object complements:
The farmer painted the barn red.
The little girl wanted her room bright pink.
Catholics consider saints holy.
The jury judged the defendant guilty.
My puppy makes me happy.
Adjectives as Appositives
The fifth grammatical function that adjectives and adjective phrases perform is the appositive. An appositive is a word, phrase, or clause that supports another word, phrase, or clause by describing or modifying the other word, phrase, or clause. For example, the following italicized adjectives and adjective phrases function as appositives:
The man, hungry and exhausted, fainted.
Aware of the situation, the man called for emergency services.
The fire, warm and inviting, burned brightly in the dark night.
A stranger, rich and kind, paid for my dinner.
Scared but alive, the toddler was found wandering alone in the woods.
2. Writing
T.: Now, let's do some exercises in writing
1. Rewrite the complete sentence using the adverb in brackets in its usual position (card#2)
1) Our friends must write a test. (also)
2) I was joking. (only)
3) Did you enjoy the flight? (both)
4) Mary watches TV. (hardly) (ever)
5) He drives his car. (carefully)
6) The children play football. (in the garden)
7) We went to the cinema. (yesterday)
8) John fell off the bike. (almost)
9) Her boyfriend will buy her some flowers. (probably)
10) My uncle is moving to Stockholm soon. (definitely)
2.Rewrite each sentence with the adverb of frequency (in brackets) in its usual position (card#3).
1) Have you been to London? (ever)
2) Peter doesn't get up before seven. (usually)
3) Our friends must write tests. (often)
4) They go swimming in the lake. (sometimes)
5) The weather is bad in November. (always)
6) Peggy and Frank are late. (usually)
7) I have met him before. (never)
8) John watches TV. (seldom)
9) I was in contact with my sister. (often)
10) She will love him. (always)
3. Rewrite the sentences and put the adverbs in correctly (card#3)
We were in London. (last week) →
He walks his dog. (rarely) →
She waited. (patiently) →
My father goes fishing. (always) →
Your bedroom is. (upstairs) →
We don't go skiing. (in summer) →
Cats can hear. (well) →
I saw him. (there) →
The girl speaks English. (fluently) →
I have seen that film. (never) / (before) →
4. Make up your sentences with adverbs (card#4)
5. Make up your sentences, using the tables.
Card#1
Read and study the table:
Card#2
Rewrite the complete sentence using the adverb in brackets in its usual position (card#2)
1) Our friends must write a test. (also)
2) I was joking. (only)
3) Did you enjoy the flight? (both)
4) Mary watches TV. (hardly) (ever)
5) He drives his car. (carefully)
6) The children play football. (in the garden)
7) We went to the cinema. (yesterday)
8) John fell off the bike. (almost)
9) Her boyfriend will buy her some flowers. (probably)
10) My uncle is moving to Stockholm soon. (definitely)
Card#3
Rewrite each sentence with the adverb of frequency (in brackets) in its usual position (card#3).
1) Have you been to London? (ever)
2) Peter doesn't get up before seven. (usually)
3) Our friends must write tests. (often)
4) They go swimming in the lake. (sometimes)
5) The weather is bad in November. (always)
6) Peggy and Frank are late. (usually)
7) I have met him before. (never)
8) John watches TV. (seldom)
9) I was in contact with my sister. (often)
10) She will love him. (always).
Card#4
Card#5
Make up your sentences, using the tables.
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